Severe oral mucositis relating to pain and worse oral condition among patients with solid tumors undergoing treatment with FOLFIRI and 5-FU: a retrospective study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: There is a need for studies that correlate the severity of oral mucositis (OM) with chemotherapy protocols, transient myelosuppression and oral health. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the severity of OM among individuals with solid tumors during hospitalization and its correlation with the type of chemotherapy, myelosuppression and oral health condition. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study at a public hospital in Bauru, state of São Paulo, Brazil, that is a regional referral center. METHODS: Individuals diagnosed with solid malignant tumors who received chemotherapy during hospitalization for completion of the antineoplastic treatment cycle or who presented complications resulting from this were assessed. RESULTS: Twenty-eight individuals (24.3%) manifested some degree of OM. The most prevalent degrees of OM according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and modified WHO classification were grades 2 (11.3%) and 5 (4.3%), respectively. It was observed that the higher the OM-WHO (P < 0.001; r = 0.306) and modified OM-WHO (P < 0.001; r = 0.295) classifications were, the greater the oral pain reported by the individuals was. Presence of mucositis in the upper lip and buccal mucosa contributed to increased severity of OM and worsening of swallowing during hospitalization. Thus, severe OM was associated with use of the FOLFIRI protocol (folinic acid, fluorouracil and irinotecan). CONCLUSION: Individuals with tumors who presented severe OM had greater severity of oral pain and worse oral health. Use of the FOLFIRI protocol was associated with higher prevalence of severe OM, while use of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was correlated with worse oral condition.

Desafios da abordagem interdisciplinar de indivíduo cardiopata grave com abcesso odontogênico agudo / Challenges of the interdisciplinary approach in an individual with severe heart disease and acute dental abcess

Os indivíduos sistemicamente comprometidos e com múltiplas comorbidades são um desafio para a abordagem cirúrgica. Pacientes com flutter atrial fazem uso de anticoagulantes para diminuir o risco de eventos tromboembólicos, porém há maior risco de hemorragia durante procedimentos cirúrgicos. As infecções de origem odontogênica podem ter disseminação hematogênica e agravar ainda mais o quadro clínico geral do indivíduo. A abordagem cirúrgica deve sempre visar à segurança e à qualidade de vida do paciente, levando em consideração os riscos e benefícios do procedimento e o preparo do profissional frente a possíveis acidentes e complicações, haja vista o risco de mortalidade perioperatória. O presente caso relata o desafio de estabelecer plano de tratamento e conduta diante de infecção odontogênica em indivíduo cardiopata grave polimedicado ASA IV com histórico de doença renal crônica sob hemodiálise, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus, anemia, insuficiência coronariana, flutter atrial, aterosclerose e pé diabético. Para o procedimento sob anestesia geral, foi instituída a terapia de ponte prévia, utilização de medidas hemostáticas locais e antibioticoterapia pré e pós-operatória. A atuação interdisciplinar mostrou-se essencial para estabelecer critérios de segurança e decidir o melhor momento para a atuação cirúrgica

Systemically compromised individuals with multiple comorbidities represent a challenge in terms of the surgical approach. Patients with atrial flutter take anticoagulants to reduce the risk of thromboembolic events, but there is a greater risk of hemorrhaging during surgical procedures. Infections of odontogenic origin may involve hematogenous dissemination and further aggravate the patient's overall clinical condition. The surgical approach should always target the patient's safety and quality of life, considering the risks and benefits of the procedure and the professional's preparedness to cope with possible accidents and complications, given the risk of perioperative mortality. This is a case report of the challenge of establishing a treatment plan and course of action for dental infection in an ASA IV polymedicated patient with a history of chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, anemia, coronary insufficiency, atrial flutter, atherosclerosis and diabetic foot. Prior bridge therapy, use of local hemostatic measures, and pre- and postoperative antibiotic therapy were instituted for the procedure to be carried out under general anesthesia. Interdisciplinary action has proved to be essential for establishing safety criteria and deciding on the best time for surgical intervention

Emergências cardiovasculares agudas: prevenção, diagnóstico e manejo odontológico / Acute cardiovascular emergencies: prevention, diagnosis and dental management

As emergências cardiovasculares agudas são complicações cardíacas com altos índices de mortalidade e podem ocorrer durante o atendimento odontológico de cardiopatas. Contribuir com medidas de prevenção, diagnóstico e manejo odontológico de emergências cardiovasculares agudas durante o tratamento dentário através de uma revisão integrativa. A anamnese minuciosa associada a medidas de controle de estresse/ ansiedade são as principais formas de prevenir a ocorrência de eventos cardíacos no consultório odontológico. Durante a crise, o conhecimento dos principais sinais e sintomas é fundamental no diagnóstico diferencial de cardiopatias agudas e, após estabelecido, devem-se iniciar os primeiros socorros básicos através do acionamento do serviço de emergência, seguido pelo posicionamento corporal adequado do paciente e administração dos protocolos farmacológicos específicos para cada situação. O consultório odontológico deve obrigatoriamente possuir os equipamentos necessários para monitorização dos sinais vitais durante o evento cardiovascular agudo e garantir a disponibilização de oxigênio para que o cirurgião-dentista possa iniciar os protocolos de ressuscitação caso o paciente evolua para uma parada cardiorrespiratória. O manejo odontológico das emergências cardiovasculares agudas inicia-se com cuidados preventivos específicos, realização do diagnóstico correto da cardiopatia aguda, tomada de conduta adequada das complicações cardíacas que possam ocorrer durante o tratamento odontológico, objetivando a diminuição da morbimortalidade dessas emergências

Acute cardiovascular emergencies are cardiac complications with high mortality rates, and can occur during the dental care of cardiac patients. To contribute to the prevention, diagnosis and dental management of acute cardiovascular emergencies during dental treatment, through an integrative review. A detailed anamnesis, associated with measures of stress/anxiety control, are the main ways to prevent the occurrence of cardiac events in the dental office. During the crisis, a knowledge of the main signs and symptoms is fundamental in the differential diagnosis of acute heart diseases and once established, basic first aid should be given, activating the emergency services followed by the appropriate body positioning of the patient and administration of specific pharmacological protocols for each situation. The dental office must have the equipment needed to monitor the vital signs during the acute cardiovascular event, and ensure the availability of oxygen, so that the dental surgeon can initiate resuscitation protocols if the patient goes into cardiopulmonary arrest. Dental management of acute cardiovascular emergencies begins with specific preventive care, a correct diagnosis of acute cardiopathy, and correct management of cardiac complications that can occur during dental treatment, aiming to reduce the morbidity and mortality of these emergencies